| Property |
Comparison |
Suitable for |
Used in |
| rigidity |
2-3x of copper 1.5-2x of steel |
rigid elements |
boring bars special shafting grinding quills |
| thermal expansion |
similar to many ceramics 40% of steel 30% of steel |
thermal control |
heat sinks transition spacers |
| melting temperature |
highest of any metal 2x of steel 3x of copper |
high heat elements |
furnace elements jigs welding tips light bulb
elements electrical contacts high temperature tooling |
| thermal conductivity |
40% of copper 2-3x of steel |
|
furnace elements jigs welding tips light bulb
elements electrical contacts high temperature tooling |
| mechanical properties |
like mild steel |
in combination with other properties |
tooling mechanical devices |
| density |
7x alumunum 2.5x steel 1.5x lead |
shielding weights |
radiation shielding X-ray
shielding counterweights balancing weights anti-vibration
devices vibration sensing devices |
| cost |
10x steel 10x lead << precious metals similar to
nickel alloys |
|
|
| ease of making |
high temperture powder metallurgy relatively low cost |
|
|